The Food and Drug Administration said Thursday there are too many unknowns about CBD products to regulate them as foods or supplements under the agencys current structure and called on Congress to create new rules for the massive and growing market.
The marijuana-derived products have become increasingly popular in lotions, tinctures and foods, while their legal status has been murky in the U.S.
Theres not enough evidence about CBD to confirm that its safe for use in foods or as a dietary supplement, FDA Deputy Commissioner Dr. Janet Woodcock said in a statement.
For example, we have not found adequate evidence to determine how much CBD can be consumed, and for how long, before causing harm, she said.
The FDA has oversight of CBD because it is the active ingredient in an approved prescription drug, Epidiolex, used to treat two rare seizure disorders. Under FDA regulations, a drug cant be added to food or sold as a dietary supplement if officials havent determined if its safe or effective for other conditions.
Questions remain about CBDs effects on the liver, the male reproductive system and on pregnant women and children, the statement said.
New rules could include clear labels, regulations regarding contaminants, limits on CBD levels and requirements, such as a minimum purchase age. Regulations are also needed for CBD products for animals, the agency said.
CBD often comes from a cannabis plant known as hemp, which is defined by the U.S. government as having less than 0.3% THC, the compound that causes marijuanas mind-altering effect. CBD doesnt cause that high, but fans of the products claim benefits including relief for pain and anxiety.
The FDAs action comes after repeated calls from lawmakers, advocates and consumer groups for CBD to be allowed in foods and supplements.
The agency also denied three petitions from advocacy groups that had asked the agency to allow products that contain the hemp ingredient to to be marketed as dietary supplements. Steve Mister, chief of the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a trade group for the supplement industry and one of the petitioners, expressed dismay at the denial and said FDA was kicking the can down the road while ignoring the realities of the marketplace by referring the issue to Congress.
FDA has repeatedly disregarded evidence demonstrating safety that is relevant to CBD at the levels commonly used in supplements and continues to rely heavily on safety concerns related to high dosage Epidiolex to support the agencys inaction, Mister said in a statement.
The FDA will continue to take action against CBD and other cannabis products to protect the public, Thursdays statement said. The agency has sent warning letters to some companies making health claims for CBD.
Marijuana itself remains illegal at the federal level in the U.S., although it has been allowed for medical and recreational use in many states, including use in pot-laced food and drinks.
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