The U.S. economy grew at a lackluster 1.3% annual rate from January through March as businesses wary of an economic slowdown trimmed their inventories, the government said Thursday in a slight upgrade from its initial estimate.
The government had previously estimated that the economy grew at a 1.1% annual rate last quarter.
The Commerce Departments revised measure of growth in the nations gross domestic product the economys total output of goods and services marked a deceleration from 3.2% annual growth from July through September and 2.6% from October through December.
Despite the first-quarter slowdown, consumer spending, which accounts for around 70% of Americas economic output, rose at a 3.8% annual pace, the most in nearly two years and an encouraging sign of household confidence. Specifically, spending on physical goods, like appliances and cars, rose 6.3%, also the fastest growth rate since April-June of last year.
A cutback in business inventories shaved 2.1 percentage points off January-March growth.
The steady slowdown in economic growth is a consequence of the Federal Reserves aggressive drive to tame inflation, with 10 interest rate hikes over the past 14 months. Across the economy, the Feds rate increase have elevated the costs of auto loans, credit card borrowing and business loans.
With mortgage rates having doubled over the past year, the real estate market has already taken a beating: Investment in housing fell at a 0.2% annual rate from January through March. In April, sales of existing homes were 23% below their level a year earlier.
As the Feds rate hikes have gradually slowed growth, inflation has eased from the four-decade high it reached last year. Still, consumer prices were still up 4.9% in April from a year earlier well above the Feds 2% target.
The economys slowdown is widely expected to lead to a recession later this year.
In addition to higher borrowing rates, the economys other obstacles include a cutback in lending as banks conserve cash after three big bank failures in recent months.
There is also the looming risk that House Republicans will refuse to raise the statutory limit on what the government can borrow, if President Joe Biden and the Democrats dont agree to sharp spending cuts. That would leave the Treasury unable for the first time to pay all its bills on time. Economists say a protracted debt default would cause downgrades of the U.S. credit and likely trigger a recession deeper and sooner than the one that is already expected.
For now, though, most sectors of the economy other than housing are showing surprising resilience. Retail sales have continued to rise. So have orders for manufactured goods.
Most significantly, the nations job market remains fundamentally solid. In April, employers added 253,000 jobs, and the unemployment rate matched a 54-year low. The pace of layoffs remains comparatively low. And job openings, though declining, are still well above pre-pandemic levels.
