If youre not steeped in crypto and are wondering what everyone else is talking about, heres a basic guide to the insanity surrounding Binance and FTXand why it matters.

What exactly happened?

Binance is a giant offshore crypto exchange run by a wily Chinese-Canadian billionaire known as CZ. Binance has been on top for a while, but, in recent years, an upstart competitor called FTX began to nip at its heels. FTX was founded by a young American with wild hair known as SBF (initials are a thing in crypto).

Last weekend, CZ began complaining about SBFs lobbying tactics and then used Binances might in the market to destroy his competitor.

Whoa, so how exactly did CZ do that?

The two of them used to be pals, you see, and this included CZ investing in SBFs new cryptocurrency exchange. In time, CZ decided he didnt want to own it anymore, and, when he sold his stake in FTX, he took payment in a crypto token called FTT. Those tokens are used by customers on the FTX exchange to obtain trading discounts, but, unlike Bitcoin, are not especially liquid.

In hindsight, this was a foolish arrangement by SBF because it resulted in CZ owning a huge amount of FTT tokens, thus giving him power over FTX. Its as if Pepsi gave Coca-Cola a big chunk of shares that Coke could sell off any time it wanted. And thats what happened: CZ got mad at SBF and flooded the market with loads of FTT tokens.

This was devastating because SBF also owns a trading fund that has a whole lot of FTT tokens on its balance sheet. When the price of FTT tokens began to crater, SBF tried to defend its value by selling other assets in order to buy up the FTT tokens flooding the marketbut it didnt work, and, as the value of FTT tanked, SBF discovered his liabilities began to exceed his assets. By Tuesday, his companies were facing insolvency, and he had to turn to his rival to take them off his hands.

Thats crazy. Why would CZ do such a thing?

Its likely CZ did this in part because he wanted to squash a rising competitor. But part of it was personal. In recent months, regulators have been getting aggressive toward the crypto industry, and both Binance and FTX have been scrambling to stay on their good side. Amid all this, CZ came to believe SBF was whispering poison in the ears of U.S. regulatorspossibly suggesting to them that CZ was tied to Chinaand so CZ opted for revenge.

We gave support before, but we wont pretend to make love after divorce. We are not against anyone. But we wont support people who lobby against other industry players behind their backs, CZ wrote in a fateful tweet on Sunday. Two days later, he had destroyed his rivals company.

So does Binance now own FTX?

No. At least not yet. All CZ has said is that Binance signed a letter of intent to acquire FTX, which means it could happen, but theres no guarantee. In the meantime, CZ and SBF have indicated Binance will look after FTXs customers and make sure their funds arent wiped out.

Whos to blame?

Well, you could say its CZs fault because he didnt have use to his power over FTX to destroy it. But people are also pointing fingers at SBF for not being transparent about the full overlap between FTX and his trading company, which owned piles of FTT. If he had been transparent, people would have likely raised the alarm about this vulnerability earlier on, and maybe FTX could have prevented this mess.

Others have also made a more serious allegation: That SBF may have used customer funds to plug holes in the balance sheets of one or both of his companies. Thats what happened in the case of several other crypto companies that imploded this spring, and its a very bad thing. But to be clear, these are just allegations, and theres no proof SBF did this.

Okay, but why is this such a big deal? Doesnt stuff like this happen all the time in crypto?

Yes, crypto has a well-deserved reputation for shenanigans and executives who play fast and loose. But this episode stands out since FTX is the second-biggest company in crypto, and because SBF was widely seen as the golden boy of the industry who would help it get on the right side of regulators. So much for that.

So what does this mean for the price of cryptocurrencies?

Well in the short term, its not good news. Prices tumbled on rumors that FTX was in trouble but then rebounded briefly when Binance announced its rescue, only to crash again later on Tuesday.

These events have battered the price of FTT and a token called Solana that is associated with SBF. When there is a big selloff in a major token, it typically has a knock-on effect on the rest of the market, and that appears to be happening. Bitcoin was down around 10%, and Ethereum was down 15%, which is bad but not horrific for the two largest coins by market cap.

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When COVID cases fail to drop into low-level valleys after mountainous peaks, its tough to tell when a new wave is starting. But as cases of once globally dominant BA.5 taper off, new variants like the BQ family are gaining ground in the U.S. and elsewhere. 

That means a coming wave of cases, experts sayor a sustained high wall of cases, potentially, if frequent waves of Omicron variants overlap each other.

What symptoms should one look out for? The short answer: not necessarily the same symptoms that signaled COVID at the beginning of the pandemic. 

Losing the ability to smell is no longer common among COVID patients, according to the recently released Zoe Health Study, by scientists at Harvard and Stanford universities, in addition to schools in the UK. 

Researchers examined data submitted by tens of thousands of participants who logged their symptoms for research purposes via an app. Symptoms common among those whove been infected with the Omicron variantcurrently responsible for the vast majority of cases worldwidewho have had at least one dose of vaccine include sneezing, sore throat, nasal congestion, persistent cough, and headache, they found.

If youve been vaccinated and start sneezing a lot without an explanation, you should get a COVID test, especially if you are living or working around people who are at greater risk from the disease, the authors wrote.

Those with Omicron were far less likely to experience brain fog, eye pain, fever, and headache than those who experienced Delta, according to researchers. In addition, those with Omicron who were vaccinated were at a lower risk of hospitalization and tended to be sick for a shorter amount of time, when compared to those vaccinated who experienced previous variants.

While COVID patients requiring hospitalization during the Delta wave in late 2021 tended to have pneumonia-like symptoms, COVID patients during the Omicron era more often have symptoms similar to the common cold, according to a June article in Infectious Disease Reports. The four commonly circulating human coronaviruses aside from COVID usually present as common colds.

The shift likely occurred because the Delta variant tended to thrive in the lower respiratory system of those infected, while the Omicron variant, especially more recent strains, tends to thrive in the upper respiratory system. Thats subject to change, however, as the virus evolves.

Its impossible to say whether Omicron is less severe than Delta, experts say, because the public has continued to build its immunity. When people are infected or vaccinated, it boosts their immune systemsand while antibody immunity lasts only a few months, T-cell immunity, which can make infections milder, lasts for much longer. 

Its possible that COVID is becoming more akin to the seasonal flu, experts say, with milder symptoms and cases that are more common during winter. But its too early to know, they caution, adding that the virus could change course at any point.

At this point in the pandemic, it may be difficult to distinguish COVID from the flu or another respiratory virus. If youre sick, experts recommend testingat-home tests are available for COVID, of course, doctors offices have rapid tests for the flu, and some lab companies offer at-home tests for both. People who test positive for either can contact their health care provider about prescribing an antiviral like Paxlovid for COVID, or Tamiflu for the flu.

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