Hindenburg Research, the financial research firm with an explosive name and a track record of sending the stock prices of its targets tumbling, is taking on one of the worlds richest men.
Hindenburg is back in the headlines after last week accusing Indian conglomerate Adani Group of a brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme. It cited two years of research, including talks with former Adani senior executives and reviews of thousands of documents.
The Adani Group has blasted the accusations, calling them a malicious combination of selective misinformation and stale, baseless and discredited allegations that have been tested and rejected by Indias highest courts.
Nevertheless, Hindenburgs scorching allegations have caused the fortune of Adani Groups founder, Gautam Adani, to slide by nearly $47 billion in just over a week, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires index. Heres a look at the firm behind all the movement:
What is it?
Hindenburg says it specializes in forensic financial research. In laymans terms, it looks for corruption or fraud in the business world, such as accounting irregularities and bad actors in management.
Hindenburg has even come to be known as Ponzi hunters in some circles, according to the Washington Post, which detailed how it helped bring down an alleged $500 million scheme that targeted Mormons.
Where did the name come from?
The firm says it sees the Hindenburg, the airship that famously caught fire in the 1930s to the cry of Oh, the humanity, as the epitome of a totally man-made, totally avoidable disaster. It says it looks for similar disasters in financial markets before they lure in more unsuspecting victims.
Who else had Hindenberg gone after?
Its perhaps most famous for a 2020 report on Nikola, a company in the electric-vehicle industry whose founder Hindenburg said made misleading claims to ink partnerships with top auto companies hungry to catch up to Tesla.
Among its allegations, Hindenburg accused Nikola of staging a video to calm skepticism about its truck, one that showed the vehicle cruising on a road. Hindenburg said the video was actually just showing the truck rolling down a hill after getting towed to the top.
What has come of such accusations?
For Nikola, quick scrutiny from the government and investors.
The company and its founder, Trevor Milton, received grand jury subpoenas from the U.S Attorneys office for the Southern District of New York and the N.Y. County District Attorneys Office shortly after Hindenburg released its report.
The Securities and Exchange Commission also soon issued subpoenas to Nikolas directors.
Milton was convicted this past October of charges he deceived investors with exaggerated claims about his companys progress in producing zero-emission 18-wheel trucks fueled by electricity or hydrogen.
And Nikola in late 2021 agreed to pay $125 million to settle SEC charges that it defrauded investors by misleading them about its products, technical advancements, and commercial prospects.
What does Hindenburg get out of this?
It can make money. In its Adani report, it said that it had taken a short position in Adani Group Companies through bonds that trade in the U.S. and other investments that trade outside India.
It has made similar short bets against other companies it published unflattering reports on. A short trade is a way for someone to make money if an investments price falls. Afterward, if the price of a companys stock or bonds falls because of the negative attention from the report, Hindenburg can profit.
Such short sellers have been criticized for unfairly pushing down prices of stocks with potentially unfounded allegations. But proponents also call them a healthy part of a stock market, keeping stock prices in check and preventing them from running too high.
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