The decision by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency allows California to require truck manufacturers to sell an increasing number of zero-emission trucks over the next couple of decades. The rule applies to a wide range of trucks including box trucks, semitrailers and even large passenger pick-ups.

Were leading the charge to get dirty trucks and buses the most polluting vehicles off our streets, and other states and countries are lining up to follow our lead, Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement.

The EPA typically sets standards for tailpipe emissions from passenger cars, trucks and other vehicles, but California has historically been granted waivers to impose its own, stricter standards. Other states can then follow suit, and eight other states plan to adopt Californias truck standards, Newsoms office said. In a letter last year, attorneys general from 15 states, Washington, D.C., and New York City urged the EPA to approve the California truck standards.

The transportation sector accounts for nearly 40% of Californias greenhouse gas emissions. Newsom has already moved to ban the sale of new cars that run entirely on gasoline by 2035. Those rules are still waiting on EPA approval.

The new truck standards are aimed at companies that make trucks and those that own large quantities of them. Companies owning 50 or more trucks will have to report information to the state about how they use these trucks to ship goods and provide shuttle services. Manufacturers will have to sell a higher percentage of zero-emission vehicles starting in 2024. Depending on the class of truck, zero-emission ones will have to make up 40% to 75% of sales by 2035.

The announcement came as advocates are pushing for more ambitious tailpipe emissions standards in other states and at the national level.

We dont just fight for California, we fight for all of the communities, said Jan Victor Andasan, an activist with East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice, a group that advocates for better air quality in and around Los Angeles.

Andasan and other environmental activists from across the country who are a part of the Moving Forward Network, a 50-member group based at Occidental College in Los Angeles, met with EPA officials recently to discuss national regulations to limit emissions from trucks and other vehicles.

But some in the trucking industry are concerned about how costly and burdensome the transition will be for truck drivers and companies.

The state and federal regulators collaborating on this unrealistic patchwork of regulations have no grasp on the real costs of designing, building, manufacturing and operating the trucks that deliver their groceries, clothes and goods, said Chris Spear, president of the American Trucking Association, in a statement.

They will certainly feel the pain when these fanciful projections lead to catastrophic disruptions well beyond Californias borders, he added.

Federal pollution standards for heavy trucks are also getting tougher. The EPA released rules that will cut nitrogen oxide pollution, which contributes to the formation of smog, by more than 80% in 2027. The agency will propose greenhouse gas emissions limits this year.

The agency expects the new standards and government investment will lead to zero-emissions electric and hydrogen fuel cell trucks carrying most of the nations freight.

California activists Andasan and Brenda Huerta Soto, an organizer with the Peoples Collective for Environmental Justice, are troubled by the impact of pollution from trucks and other vehicles on communities with a large population of residents of color that live near busy ports in Los Angeles, Oakland and other cities as well as warehouse-dense inland areas.

Huerta Soto works in Southern Californias Inland Empire, where a high concentration of trucks pass through to transport goods. On top of truck pollution, the many cars, trucks and trains that travel through the area burden residents with noises, odors and pollutants these vehicles emit, she said.

We have the technology, and we have the money to move toward zero-emission vehicles, she said.

Just four years after a group of idealistic entrepreneurs in their early twenties started Summit Series, it had grown into a phenomenon: an invite-only multiday conference with an eye-popping guest list of CEOs, founders, wellness gurus, philanthropists, and celebrities who came for the intense workshops, heady talks, and legendary parties at stunning vacation destinations. At an annual Summit Series conference or a Summit at Sea cruise, one might find oneself in a meditation session with Jeff Bezos, learning about indigenous peoples rights from Harrison Ford, or petting puppies with A$AP Rocky.

The four young men who created Summit SeriesElliott Bisnow, Brett Leve, Jeff Rosenthal, and Jeremy Schwartzwould usually be in the mix, hobnobbing with guests in the craft cocktail bar hidden behind a broom closet or practicing lucid dreaming in the geodesic dome. But at Lake Tahoe in 2012 they had to sit out the fun, they recall in Make No Small Plans, a book about the conference series that they published last year. Instead they were holed up in a windowless room at the resort, working behind the scenes to charter a 737 jet to Utah. 

Courtesy of Summit Series

The morning after the conference ended, they ushered 60 of the 800 Basecamp attendees onto the plane for a last-minute all-expenses-paid mystery trip. A fleet of 30 rental cars was waiting in Salt Lake City to deliver the still-baffled guests to a hastily constructed yurt at the top of a mountain in the town of Eden, UtahPowder Mountain. 

The group arrived just in time to watch a spectacular sunset streaked over the Wasatch mountain range. Only then, around a barrel fire, did the Summit team explain what was going on. 

You might be wondering what youre doing here, Rosenthal began, according to the book. Were going to build a place where people from around the world can form friendship, where their families can spend time together, and where their kids can grow up and start families of their own. And we want you to be part of that story with us. 

The founders had always seen the Summit Series mission as bigger than a string of epic gatherings, they explained. They were building a community of people who wanted to fix the worlds ills by creating businesses that gave back. They were collecting people who accepted the Summit mantra Make no small plans as a personal creed. They needed a year-round home, and this literal summit could be it. 

They just needed $40 million to buy the mountain.

Make no small plans

The groups plans for Summit Powder Mountainalready the largest ski resort in the United States by skiable acreagewere anything but small. The young men, in partnership with two venture capitalists, laid out a utopian vision of a new urbanist community, peopled with tech-industry wunderkinds, showbiz and sports stars, and the billionaire set. It was to be a place where big, world-changing, philanthropic ideas would be hatched.

Powder Mountainwith its funky 1970s-era ski lodge, Powder Keg dive bar, and smattering of older homes and condoswas to be transformed into a hub for innovation and socially conscious entrepreneurship, and to bring much-needed economic development to Eden, an off-the-beaten-path town in a tucked-away valley. 

The $40 million real estate deal would give the Summit group nearly 10,000 acres, land equal to roughly two-thirds of Manhattan, but they pledged to keep development eco-friendly: a four-acre village and 500 elegant but restrained single-family homes built into the mountainside, as well as modernist condos, workforce housing, co-working spaces, coffee shops, farm-to-table restaurants, and upscale hotels. 

In presentations to county officials in Utah, the group promised more: a science center, convention space, an outpost for the U.S. Institute of Peace, a satellite campus for an online university, a Montessori school, and an alternative medicine center they called a brain lab. High-tech greenhouses would allow the community to produce its own food, and there was talk of water treatment facilities that would recycle the residents sewage into potable water while extracting rich nutrients. 

The pitches landed. In short order, the Summit Series founders raised more than the $40 million they needed to buy the mountain in 2013. They have never shared the complete list of original investors, but they have named, among others, Virgin Group founder Richard Branson; Martin Sorrell, founder of WPP, the worlds largest marketing company; self-help author and entrepreneur Tim Ferriss; Beth Comstock, former vice chair and chief marketing officer at GE; and Blake Mycoskie, founder of Toms shoes. Making investments of between $500,000 and $2 million each, these founding members leap of faith earned them credit to one day build a home on Powder Mountain. Other property owners include Ken Howery, a cofounder of PayPal; Miguel McKelvey, cofounder of WeWork; and Netflix cofounder Reed Hastings, who bought a plot eight years ago. Utah county officials also threw in their lot with the first-time developers from California, backing them for an $18 million bond to build infrastructure.

But a decade later, the investors and the county are still waiting for the promised utopia to materialize. 

Today the sparsely populated resort consists of a few dozen new homes and the Skylodge, a luxe yurtlike clubhouse. Some 90% of the promised 500 houses have yet to be built. Many lots remain empty or are in a state of unfinished construction. Water and sewer lines have been laid down, but the plans for next-generation wastewater recycling and greenhouses have been shelved. There are no hotels, full-service restaurants, or shops, let alone a brain lab. The new urbanist village high street still exists only in architects renderings. 

The plans for a bustling, beautifully designed playground for the creative and socially conscious have simply not come to pass. How did things go so very wrong?

LEFT TO RIGHT: DAVE BENETTGETTY IMAGES; PA IMAGES/REUTERS; ERNESTO S. RUSCIOGETTY IMAGES; STEPHEN OLKERGETTY IMAGES; BRAD BARKETGETTY IMAGES; MARIO ANZUONIREUTERS; JOHN LAMPARSKIGETTY IMAGES

A moonshot that fell flat

The project that once generated so much excitement is now a sore subject for many. Some of the Summit Series attendees who initially invested or bought plots on the mountain grumble about the slow pace of development. The resort has ruffled feathers in Eden, where locals worry that teens working on the mountain have been exposed to a flashy, corrupt lifestyle, rife with sex, drugs, and booze. And the promised economic boost has not materialized.

Meanwhile, the developers are mired in a tangle of lawsuits and countersuits with investors, including a group of individuals from China seeking green cards in exchange for investment. 

And on top of everything else, the logistics of holding full Summit Series conferences at almost 9,000 feet have turned out to be prohibitive. In recent years, the original Summit founders have been less and less involved with the mountain and have reduced their ownership stake. Changes in the structure of the group developing the resort leave its future in question. Everyone has started to refer to it simply as Powder Mountain againremoving Summit from the name. 

When I asked Bisnow to compare the resort today with the plans his team presented at the projects inception, he brushed away the suggestion that things didnt go as planned on Powder Mountain. It reminds me of Shoot for the stars, land on the moon, he told me.

And indeed, Powder Mountain remains a beautiful place to ski. But despite the founders resolution to make no small plans, its hard to deny that what exists on Powder Mountain is a much smaller plan. As Netflixs Hastings told me on a Zoom call from his cabin on the mountain, the project has shed its were going to change the world with our interactions ethos, and has become just a normal real estate development thing. 

Its easy to see the appeal of the original plan for Summit Powder Mountain: a place that married altruism with hedonism, drawing some of the most creative entrepreneurial minds of our era. But did it ever make any sense? Can a group of founders and celebrities really change the world from an elegant ski resort? As Silicon Valleys era of seeming omnipotence comes to a closewith bank failures, cryptocurrency meltdowns, and wave after wave of layoffsthis city upon a hill is starting to look like just another Silicon Valley moonshot that fell flat. 

Lets buy it

The Summit founders and their partners are the latest in a string of entrepreneurs who have tried to make a ski resort on Powder Mountain work. The first was in 1972, when the Utah physician Alvin Cobabe opened a ski park on the land his father had used as a winter range for his sheep. With its large flat top, Powder Mountain became one of the countrys few upside-down ski mountains: You drive up and ski down. 

For decades the mountain mostly attracted local skiers, who affectionately called it Pow Mow. Only an hour from Salt Lake City, Powder Mountain boasts a reliable yearly abundance of fresh powder (the resort has never needed snowmaking machines). Still, while other ski hills slightly closer to Salt Lake City developed a higher profilenearby Snowbasin, for example, hosted the 2002 OlympicsPowder Mountain remained a relatively untouched jewel.

By 2012, the resort was floundering, having changed hands multiple times. Powder Mountain was then owned by a private equity company that had intended to build a monster development, one that would have milked every inch of the mountains developable space, adding golf courses and thousands of homes. Those ownerswho had paid a rumored $150 million for the mountain before the 2008 housing crisiswanted to incorporate their own town on Powder, a plan that didnt fly with Edens residents or local government.  

Thats when a venture capital investor named Greg Mauro, who lived in Austin but spent his winters skiing in Eden, stepped in. Mauro had nervously watched the battle play out, he said in a TEDX talk about the resort in 2017, titled A Town as a Startup. He felt protective of the land he considered a personal refuge. And as the cofounder and managing partner of an early-stage VC firm focused on education technology, he saw an opportunity for a low-density but high-value real estate development, as well as a social impact incubator of sorts. 

Mauro was a Summit Series enthusiast and was fresh from a transcendent conference in 2011 when he decided to ask the four young founders to partner with him to purchase Powder Mountain. He flew to Malibu, where they shared a house, and a half-hour coffee turned into an eight-hour planning session, Mauro recalled. 

Then things moved fast: Seventy-two hours later we were standing at the top of Powder Mountain, the largest ski resort in the United Statesmy secret spotand said, Lets buy it. 

A tempting vision

After the previous battle with developers, the $40 million deal with the Summit group looked like a win for county officials. Weber County had already approved the previous owners rezoning application. SMHG pledged that it would limit its footprint while delivering thought leaders from around the world to their doorstep, one commissioner told a news outlet at the time. 

Mauro and the Summit founders purchased the land at a steep discount, and they promised to preserve the uncrowded, affordable Powder Mountain skiing experience as a public resort for locals. The group hired an urban planner and expert in sacred geometry who identified a saddle on the mountain with an incredible feminine energy as the site for the village, Mauro said in his TEDX talk. 

Aesthetic and environmental guidelines to prevent McMansionification were laid out: There would be no faux châteaus or enormous concrete manses on this mountain. The initial rules for homeowners capped single-family homes at 4,500 square feet (or 5,500 square feet including garages or below-ground living space). And buyers had to work with one of a few preselected architects dedicated to a sleek, wood-centric style they call heritage modernism. Residents were prohibited from putting in lawns or backyards, to reduce water use and so that the terrain would remain as untouched as possible. 

Courtesy of Summit Series

Mauro held a 50% stake in the project, and the Summit founders owned the other half. The joint entity became Summit Mountain Holding Group (SMHG). To introduce the project to the network of Summit-goers, the group began holding weekend events on the mountain and marketing homesite lots at Summit conferences. The actor and tech investor Ashton Kutcher invited several founders, as described in Make No Small Plans, including Instagram cofounder Kevin Systrom; Google cofounder Sergey Brin visited too. (None of these three purchased homes.) 

SMHG then turned to Weber County, where Eden is located, for more capital. In a series of presentations for county commissioners, the group laid out what the county could expect if it agreed to back the developers for an $18 million bond to build a public road, water and sewer lines, a 400,000-gallon water tank, and other infrastructure. The resort would bring half a billion in spending on construction, they said, and it would create some 1,000 jobs. In all, they foresaw a $2 billion buildout over two decades (though that number was later amended to $1 billion). And, they told the county, the resort would draw tourist dollars to the town of Eden, as well as creators and celebrities who would likely set up their own businesses, galleries, restaurants, and theaters nearby. Weber County agreed to cosign the bond, lending SMHG its impeccable credit and access to cheap money. 

Davos for dudes

When news broke in 2013 that the twentysomething founders of a super-exclusive ideas and wellness conference had bought a fading Utah ski resort, there was a flurry of breathless national media coverage. There was also some derision: 4 Young Founders Just Bought a $40 Million Mountain to Party On, Business Insider reported. The Financial Times called it Davos for Dudes. Gawkers ValleyWag blog went with Pricks on a Slope. 

The Summit founders leaned into the hype. What Tesla did to cars, Bisnow told a visiting reporter from the New York Times in 2015, were going to do with towns! 

Lindsay Salazar

Hyperbolic, perhaps, but it didnt seem all that far-fetched at the time, given what Bisnow and his co-founders had already achieved with Summit Series. Started as a ski trip for 19 young entrepreneurs in 2008, the event has established its reputation in Silicon Valley as a kind of TED meets Burning Man confab. Speakers have included billionaires such as Elon Musk and hedge fund investor Ray Dalio; startup guys like the late Zappos founder Tony Hsieh; lifestyle gurus Marie Kondo, Brené Brown, and Eckhart Tolle; activists including Erin Brockovich, Tarana Burke, and Al Gore; prominent thinkers from author Malcolm Gladwell to psychotherapist Esther Perel; and Hollywood legends such as Shonda Rhimes, Quentin Tarantino, and Jane Fonda. There are founders and CEOs galore, and scores of deejays. Bill Clinton has stopped by, and Questlove often performs, as a solo act or with his band The Roots.

But building a town is very different from creating even the most ambitious conference series, and executing on that vision was always a tall order. From the beginning, the Summit Series founders recall in their book, there had been plenty of red flags. The group had learned that 20 other entities had toured the mountain and decided to pass. Ryan Begelman, a less-public Summit Series founder who had worked in real estate acquisitions, told them that buying and developing a resort would be very, very, very risky. Another VC friend ran through a litany of reasons theyd end up in over their heads, drowning in line items and change orders. The ordinances are going to destroy you! he told them.

Sure enough, the eager but inexperienced young developers soon found themselves slamming against the same kinds of obstacles that had scared other investors and developers away from Powder Mountain. 

Adding to the normal challenges of complex real estate development: Its terribly difficult to build a town at nearly 9,000 feet. Most ski villages sit at an elevation of about 5,000 or 6,000 feet. At Powder Mountain, winds and weather make construction pretty much impossible throughout the winter. 

Just traveling up and down the mountain with heavy loads takes planning. The county road leading up the mountain is said to be the steepest paved road in Utah, and one of the steepest in the country. Since Summit took control of the resort, three people have been killed in crashes after losing control of their vehicles on the 12-mile stretch. (News reports didnt connect these accidents to SMHG or the resort.) In recent years, the company has also had to deal with COVID-related delays and soaring costs for construction materials. 

To make matters worse, using Powder Mountain as a base for large Summit Series conferences hasnt worked, Bisnow told me. The resort did host one conference in 2013, Summit Outside, for more than 800 people. The Summit team set up glamping tents and temporary venues for talks and yoga, and in a beautifully photographed stunt, they laid a single communal dinner table that stretched for a quarter of a mile. But that weekend was a lesson in the challenges of running large gatherings on a mountain, said Bisnow: It left a large impact on the land, and was a logistical nightmare. 

Courtesy of Summit Series

You need a place for everybody to stay, he told me. You also need bathrooms, you need kitchen facilities, you need eating facilities, you need shower facilities. And to try to build all that is just too expensive, which means that tickets have to be too expensive. 

Any future programming on the mountain will likely be small weekend events of the type held regularly before the pandemic, Bisnow told me. The main Summit Series conferences are still being held in other locations, such as Palm Desert, Calif., or on cruise ships.

Legal entanglements

Another logistical hurdle: the implosion of a loan agreement for up to $120 million with a group of investors who were seeking green cards via whats known as a golden visa program. In the projects early days, Mauro and Bisnow sought funding for infrastructure building from a group of Chinese nationals looking for permanent residency in the U.S. using the EB-5 immigration program, which fast-tracks green cards for those who invest at least $500,000 in a job-creating U.S. business.  

SMHG reached an agreement with one of Chinas largest immigration brokers to borrow the money over five years. The loan was to be pivotal: Mauro says the founding team had lined up a high-end ski resort developer who was ready to build Summit Village, including a Standard Hotel, by 2019. But SMHG only received about $40 million from the lenders before a conflict erupted over the details of the loan arrangement. The Chinese group issued a default notice against SMHG, and the developers sued, complaining in their lawsuit that the default notice was preventing them from finding other investors. 

The court documents include some bizarre tidbitstheres an anecdote involving the late basketball star Kobe Bryant (a past Summit Series speaker) flying to China for a VIP meet-and-greet to woo investors. And they show the bitter tone of the dispute: In one court appearance, lawyers for SMHG mentioned a tip they got from someone claiming to be a former CIA agent who said that the Chinese lenders were involved with money laundering.

The lawyers for the lenders, meanwhile, denied all claims of fraud in an angry rebuttal. They accused SMHG of elitism, saying the individual investors were simply looking to leave the Peoples Republic of China for a better life in America, while the Summit holding company was constructing a luxury ski resort for several hundreds of millions of dollars and seeking to populate it with some of the worlds celebrities, millionaires, and billionaires. They also counter-sued.

By now, the legal battle has dragged on for two years and the resort developer has moved on. (Representatives for the EB-5 lenders declined to comment on the record for this story.)

Courtesy of Powder Mountain

Thats not the only lawsuit the Powder Mountain project is embroiled in. In 2021 a New Yorkbased designer sued SMHG to recoup his founding member investment of $500,000. He claimed the contract he signedthe standard agreement offered to all original membersstipulated that he would be entitled to a refund if by June 2015 at least 50% of the construction of the Main Street of the planned Summit village had not commenced. Needless to say, in the summer of 2015, Main Street was still a concept. The case was settled on undisclosed terms at the end of last year. 

Another suit involving two individuals who tried to buy a plot on the mountainNouriel Roubini, the economist known as Dr. Doom for his eternally pessimistic forecasts, and Michael Eisenberg, a New Yorkbased real estate brokeris still active.

Local resentment

Theres also a culture clash with locals in Eden, a mostly Mormon town in a squarely Republican county. Some of those with lifelong memories of Pow Mow have soured on the out-of-towner developers who arrived a decade ago. A three-year-long dispute over water rights (which held up the development and at one point led to a campaign of lawn signs proclaiming Summit sucks water) didnt help, leaving both sides frustrated. 

If youre asking me about Summit, I dont have anything but bad things to say, one resident told me when I visited Eden in January. 

Locals were eager to tell me anecdotes and rumors about what goes on up on the mountain since the Summit people arrived: hallucinogens, wild parties, sex workers visiting. (These accounts could not be confirmed, and few of those telling such stories were willing to go on the record.) 

Before Summits arrival, one exasperated local told me, Eden residents didnt have to worry about Ford GTs careening down the mountain and flipping over, as one did in 2020. (The driver, a New Yorkbased singer and music producer, and his passenger suffered only minor injuries.) 

I met Shanna Francis, editor of the hyperlocal Ogden Valley News site, in a Mexican restaurant in Eden that used to be her grandparents general store. Her eyes welled up as she spoke of skiing on Pow Mow as a child. She wont ski there now, on principle, she told me, because she worries about the mountains ecosystem.

Despite the Summit groups vows to collaborate and engage with the existing community, Francis told me, the two populationsof the resort and the townlive in separate worlds, interacting only when locals get jobs as drivers or house cleaners up on the mountain. 

When I asked what shed like to see happen to Summits flailing development project, Francis didnt mince words: All Ive ever wanted was for them to go bankrupt, get bought out, and have it turned into a conservation area.

Organizational dysfunction

Weber County hasnt actually lost money in the Powder Mountain developmentthe Summit groups bond payments have so far been made on time. But there has been no year-round influx of well-heeled visitors, no blossoming of new businesses in Powder Mountains aura. Thats the real disappointment, Weber County treasurer John Bond said: All of that was extremely, I would call it, heavy. It was a big deal.

The lawsuits, the local friction, and the pandemic were all roadblocks, but several people involved told me that the projects biggest impediment was internal: constant changes in leadership at the resort and organizational dysfunction, much of it reflecting the teams inexperience.

When I visited Bonds office in January, he had covered a large conference table with piles of Summit Powder Mountain paperworka vivid illustration of the bureaucratic travails of years of negotiations. For county officials, the chaos was extremely challenging, Bond told me. 

In Bonds telling of the story, there were no real villains. He called Mauro one of the smartest guys Ive ever met; what he saw in the two founders with big ideas was good intentions, not malice. He said the Skylodge and the houses built so far are beautiful.

Still, meetings with Summit and the countys lawyers sometimes became heated. Mauro and Bisnow were constantly changing plans and revisiting decisions, excited by volumes of ideas, said the treasurer. County officials had never developed a mountain either. We were all in this dance together that we werent used to, Bond told me. We didnt recognize the music.

Other sources alluded to power struggles within the team leading Summit and discord between Bisnow and Mauro. For his part, Bisnow pointed out that working on big infrastructure projects can be stressful, and relationships are going to be testedbut he said he and Mauro are still friends. I think really highly of Greg, he said. He has a lot of great ideas.

Mauro said he respects and admires Bisnow. All business relationships have alignments and disagreements of course, and mine did as well, he told me. But he and I are both very aligned with the overall aspirations for the mountain as a uniquely special place.

Public filings required under the terms of the bond agreement with the county show that the Summit team faced a $2.2 million cash-flow shortfall by 2017 and was hemorrhaging money, paying out an estimated $14 million in payroll in 2016 and 2017 combined. The group decided to add a professional board. 

When I asked Bisnow what he would have done differently on Powder Mountain, he admitted: I wish wed put a board together even sooner.

Roni Yehuda, a diamond-industry executive who became Powder Mountains board chair a year ago, downplayed the impact of the lawsuits and other problems facing the development, saying none of it is holding up further construction. But he acknowledged to me that in the last few years, the mountain has completely shifted business strategies. Rather than act as a real estate developer itself, SMHG is now selling off parcels of land on Powder Mountain to smaller interests, including two sets of residents who are building neighborhoods on the mountain.  

Powder is also partnering with the developers of a neighboring lodge, Monument Ranchwhich will be an exclusive members-only club and a rugged luxury adventure community that takes its members cat skiing and heli-skiing, fishing, and huntinga far cry from the açai bowls, acro-yoga, and philanthropic musings of the average Summit Series event.

Greg Mauro is a co-owner of Monument Ranch and manages what is now his 55% stake the Powder Mountain resort through the same holding company. Though Powders board isnt calling the arrangement a joint venture, the two companies share profits from their partnership.

The view from 9,000 feet

It took a visit to Pow Mow in early February for me to fully understand the enormity of the proposed projectand the wild appeal of the mountain. Particularly striking was the Horizon neighborhood, a small cluster of 2,000-square-foot three-bedroom homes whose form was inspired by the barns of the valley. The jewel box-like houses, linked to each other via a network of elevated steel walkways, sit like scattered Jenga pieces, staggered so that each home has unobstructed views.

Paul BundyCourtesy of Powder Mountain

The architect Brian MacKay-Lyons, who designed the Horizon neighborhood, praised Mauro and the Summit founders for their gumption in conceiving such an ambitious project. It took people that were risk-takers to do it, he told me. There are a lot of Chicken Littles in the world. The sky is falling! It cant work! That cant work! The world doesnt need more people saying nothing is possible.

I had expected that looking out from one of these cabins at the top of the world would give a person a sense of dominancelike being a CEO in an urban penthouse. But gazing out of the floor-to-ceiling window of one cedar-clad cabin in the Horizon neighborhood, I felt anything but godlike or omnipotent. The truth is, mountains are humbling from any perspective. I could see why a group of young, idealistic entrepreneurs saw space to start something new and momentous here, on this vast, severe blank slate.

In the epilogue to Make No Small Plans, Bisnow and his coauthors acknowledge that they got in over their heads when they bought the mountain. 

They were too trusting of others, and too inexperienced to know what they didnt know about being developers. They dont explain where that leaves owners of houses or home sites on the mountain now. And not surprisingly, the book doesnt talk about lawsuits, leadership missteps, or Summit sucks water lawn signs.

Still, Bisnow and the team are proud of what they have accomplishedlaying down infrastructure at cloud levels was a costly, complicated, and unglamorous feat. The resort also still limits the size of houses and the number of day and season passes the mountain sells, honoring the promise to locals not to overdevelop or turn Powder into just another crowded slope. 

In the years since they embarked upon this ambitious project, the founders have started families, moved around, and continued to run the conference business through a global pandemic. Although Bisnow, who owns a home on the slope, is building a ranch house in Eden, rumors swirl about the founders soon selling what remains of their stake in Powder Mountain. Bisnow told me that a sale is not imminent. He pointed out, however, that its not unusual for founders to step back from startups after a few years. 

And, he said, its now up to the board and homeowners to decide whether to move forward with some version of the vision he and his team laid out a decade ago: Do they want a big town? Or do they just want a quiet mountain community?

A quiet mountain community is just fine with Netflixs Hastings, he told me in January, when I reached him by Zoom in the 5,500-square-foot wooden home that he and his wife built on Powder Mountain. It was three days before the streaming giants cofounder was to step down from his longtime role helming the company as co-CEO, and he looked blissed out after a particularly good ski run. You can see Im red, the 62-year-old said, grinning and pointing to his cheeks, which were indeed rosy. 

In its current iteration, Summit Powder Mountain is no Aspen-like luxe resort, the multibillionaire was eager to explain to me: Its a hostile environment on the top of the mountain, he said. The electricity goes out. In a huge storm, youre locked up here. High winds, raccoons, and crows (not to mention roaming black bears and mountain lions) mean residentseven billionaireshave to haul their garbage to a dumpster. The vibe is pioneer, Hastings says, and the après-ski scene is near zero. We all just do potlucks.

Were super happy, Hastings said. But we signed up for the wilderness.

The nascent community of wealthy people thats emerging on Powder Mountain is less utopian, perhaps, than the high-minded vision articulated a decade ago. The project has morphed into something more pragmatic. 

That feels appropriate. The everything bubble has popped, and the unbounded ambition of the tech industry seems to be finally hitting a wall. The euphoric era that gave rise to Summit Series and to the original Powder Mountain plan, in which moonshot idealism and good vibes felt more important than a solid business plan, is overand, honestly, good riddance. 

The pendulum will swing back to overexuberance and magical thinking, as it always does. More dreamlands will be built. (Recently, Tesla CEO Elon Musk announced plans for a Texas Utopia near Austin.) In the meantime, this partially built-out, mostly stalled ski resort feels almost too on-the-nose as a metaphorand as a cautionary tale. Its a 9,000-foot monument to the hubris of Silicon Valleys big ideas.   

Additional reporting by Kinsey Crowley

This article appears in the April/May 2023 issue of Fortune with the headline, Trouble at the Summit.

A big change in the world of NFTs is imminent, and Solana may end up the biggest loser. In December, DeLabs, creator of the popular y00ts and DeGods projects, announced that both collections would be moving from the Solana blockchain.

DeGods was to be bridged over to Ethereum to join the likes of other popular projects like Bored Ape Yacht Club and CryptoPunks, DeLabs founder Rohun Vora, aka Frank DeGods, said at the time.  Meanwhile the Ethereum-scaling network Polygon won over y00ts in part because of a $3 million non-equity grant from Polygon Labs as part of the agreement to move over y00ts.

On Monday, DeLabs announced the y00ts migration to Polygon, and, according to Decrypt, more than 75% of NFTs in the collection had been migrated to Polygon in just 24 hours.

On Friday, the even more valuable DeGods collection is starting its migration to Ethereum, and the excitement was already evident on Crypto Twitter. 

If users migrate NFTs in the first 24 hours, the gas fees associated with the move will be covered by the company. And if holders at least start the process on the first possible day, theyre eligible to win a Bitcoin DeGod NFT.

In a slight to NFT marketplace OpenSea, DeGods chose up-and-coming competitor, Blur, as their recommended marketplace experience for DeGods on Ethereum, according to a tweet by the project. 

Were partnering up with @blur_io as our recommended marketplace experience for DeGods on Ethereum.

We will be hosting a 1:1 Twitter Spaces with Blur founder @PacmanBlur & @frankdegods on Saturday.

Set reminder: https://t.co/oVmlEqQx4g pic.twitter.com/icJbU4ho8r

DeGods III (@DeGodsNFT) March 30, 2023

Suffice to say, its not great for Solana, which already took a hit to its credibility after the downfall of FTX and Alameda Research and of Sam Bankman-Frieds close ties with the Solana Foundation, the nonprofit that backs the blockchain. Plus, SBFs companies were big holders of SOL. 

That said, SOL has still doubled since Jan. 1, and even with the news of two massive NFT projects exiting its price didnt take a big hit, according to CoinMarketCap.

The Solana Foundation didnt immediately respond to request for comment.

Thought bubble

Argentinian low-cost airline Flybondi conducted one of the most interesting applications of NFTs to the traditional business world that Ive seen in a while.

This week, the airline became the first in the world to offer blockchain-based NFT tickets for all domestic routes. The Ticket 3.0 launch means that, for a fee, customers will now be able to change the name on a ticket, transfer it, or give it away for someone else to use all without having to deal with the hassle of involving the company.

The airline teamed up with NFT ticket company TravelX for the initiative, which FlyBondi said cost its partner $7 million to develop. The company doesnt take a cut of the initial NFT ticket sale, TrevelXs chief blockchain officer told CoinDesk, but the company and the airline take a 2% cut when the tickets are traded on the secondary market.

The tickets can be bought with fiat and managed through Flybondis website, a clear sign the functionality is meant for mainstream adoption.

In other news

Web3 domain company Unstoppable Domains is bringing A.I. and NFTs together with a new PFP collection. For $14.99, the company will analyze 10 to 20 images of your face and make 200 A.I.-enabled renderings of it. You can then turn your favorite into an NFT. There are also some featuring the profiles of famous people available on OpenSea as of this week for, at the lowest, just above 900 bucks.

Courtesy of Unstoppable Domains

Canadian musician Claire Boucher, aka Grimes, launched a Gen 1 Avatar NFT collection, in partnership with digital art platform Zora, following a performance at the Ultra Music Festival last week. The free collection is the first of a series of virtual A.I. avatars within what Grimes is calling the A.I. Oracle Neural-Network. (Look out Neuralink?) The avatar has already been minted 43,000 times. The last day to mint is Friday.

Courtesy of Zora

NFT marketplace Magic Eden is set to open its Ethereum marketplace, Eth Genesis, on April 6, the company announced this week. Although the marketplace originally was limited to Solana collections, its since added support for Polygon and most recently Bitcoin NFTs, called Ordinals. Magic Eden will have more than 10 new collections at launch, including Hashflow, CNWAFUKU, and KaijuKingz. All ETH NFT collections traded on native listings will include creator royalties.